Urban Hydroponic Farms Making Headlines!
Gotham Greens in Brooklyn, NY grows hydroponic lettuce and herbs on a warehouse rooftop.
The Fly (Photo credit: Thorsten Becker)
Insect farming is here and it is about to completely change our agriculture system, thanks to a fly farm in Cape Town, South Africa called AgriProtein. They produce protein-rich animal feed from fly larvae. Cool! So you can farm insects for feed… but how is this going to save agriculture?
Well according to the USDA, aquaculture feed is made with
“ingredients including fish, plant, and processing waste meals and oils.”
Plant-based feeds are derived from corn and soy-beans. This not only requires large inputs of fertilizer and pesticides, but uses large amounts of water and energy. Then this plant material must be processed into a useable form for the fish. Because plant material does not have sufficient quantities of vitamins and minerals required for the rapid growth required (and carnivorous fish dislike it), it is often supplemented with fish-derived ingredients.
The fish ingredients are usually either bycatch from the marine industry, or trimmings from processing fish, including fish oil. These ingredients are highly nutritious and therefore are highly sought after by animal feeding operations (cattle, chicken, fish).
This increasing demand by the agriculture industry coupled with the many other benefits of fish oil have increased the demand for this product around the world. Overfishing is a major problem for our oceans and is destroying ecosystems worldwide.
The problem is that the ingredients used in animal feeds are unsustainable. They requires heavy inputs of energy, take up valuable land, and are destroying our ecosystems. As scientists around the world began exploring other options, many found insects could become the source for livestock protein.
BUT, the best part about the approach by AgriProtein, is that they use a waste-product from the abattoir industry: blood.
Flies are fed protein-rich blood, normally a waste product. Here’s what they have to say,
“Using different processes and fly families, AgriProtein has developed larvae of naturally different chemical and mineral composition. These minerals are bio-available to the animals eating them. This opens up the possibility of creating a whole range of speciality feed preparations targeted at specific lifestages of industrially farmed livestock.”
This natural food source recycles a waste product and eliminates the need to use increasingly expensive plant and fish based feed. It will also provide our livestock with a larger variety of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other biochemicals making them healthier ultimately providing US with healthier food!
Posted in Aquaponics
Tagged Agriculture, AgriProtein, Aquaculture, Aquaponics, chicken food, feed, fish food, Fly, industrial farming, livestock feed, sustainable
Being able to control the environment is one of the best things about indoor horticulture. Your ability to manipulate the temperature, humidity, air quality, and carbon dioxide content can create the perfect growing environment plants. It can also push the limits for growth expectations of plants. The right Co2 set up can boost your yield by 40-60%! The begining of C02 enrichment starts with making sure your room is growing amoothly and your happy with the end product your getting now, because adding co2 only makes it bigger and more robust.
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All of these materials were bought from my local hardware store. In addition to these supplies, you will need a power drill with a small drill bit, two adjustable wrenches, black electrical tape, and possibly wire cutters.
Find the middle and make a mark.
Do this for the other direction as well.
And make your mark.
Find a drill bit that is slightly smaller than the socket screw. I actually drilled my hole about 1/2 the size of the socket screw.
Then I used the end of my Sharpie to widen it to the proper width. Made for a perfect fit.
Remove the nut from the light fixture. Leave the washer in place. Next, feed the wire through the hole. Do this from the inside (inner curve) of the light hood.
Pull or screw the light socket screw through the hole.
Next, feed the nut back onto the wires and screw into place.
Use an adjustable wrench to fasten the nut snuggly into place.
Make sure you adjust the fixture so the outlets are facing out.
Use both adjustable wrenches to pull apart one of the links on the chain.
Slip the eye hook onto the chain link and use one of the adjustable wrenches to pinch it close.
Its okay if the chain link does not close cleanly. Just make sure it is closed so the eye hook doesn’t fall out.
You can make marks if you want, but since the chains are adjustable I just eye-balled it. Turned out just fine. Use a screw to poke a hole in the hood. Make your hole just big enough to get the tip of the eye hook in. Screw it in the rest of the way. You can use a nut on the inside if you want.
On your lamp cord there should be one wire that is ribbed, and one that is not. The ribbed wire is neutral. The non-ribbed wire is called the hot wire.
The white wire on your light socket is neutral and therefore should be connected to the ribbed wire on the lamp cord.
The black cord is hot and should connect to the non-ribbed wire of the lamp cord. 
Once your wires are secure, I would highly recommend covering them in electrical tape. This will help secure the wires in place and provide some protection. These caps are yellow because I was working on 2 light fixtures, this picture just came out the best.
After your wires are secure, turn over the fixture and screw in the light bulbs. I chose 26W CFLs with a color temperature of 6500K. These bulbs produce light that is similar to natural daylight, perfect for growing leafy greens. These are comparable to 100W incandescent bulbs.
Fasten some hooks onto your light stand.
Hang your light evenly. Try to place your lamp cord over the light stand to keep it out of the way.
Carefully plug in your light and test to make sure it works. If it doesn’t work, you can check three things: the wall socket, the light bulbs, your wires (Step 6).
***Please note that this grow light works well for vegetative growing, i.e. herbs, lettuce, early stages of tomato and pepper, etc. This light is NOT ideal to use when trying to promote flowering, although in some cases it may work.***
***DISCLAIMER*** I take NO responsibility for cuts, burns, fires, or electrical shock. This is exactly what worked for me. NEVER, EVER plug in your cord until all wires are SECURE AND COVERED. I repeat, make sure all wires are covered before plugging in and testing you light.
Please leave comments if you have questions or suggestions! Happy growing!
Check this out!
Somewhere in Brooklyn, will a full view of the Manhattan skyline, lies this amazing rooftop farm. The Eagle Street Rooftop Farm is a 6,000 sq/ft organic vegetable garden. The farm sells its produce and provides education programming for local kids and residents.
(photo from this beautiful the selby photoshoot)
Cincinnati has some great urban gardening, and a few productive urban farms--
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Nitrogen deficiency in wheat (Photo credit: CIMMYT)
Nitrogen Content & Function in Plants.
Nitrogen is a major component of all amino acids and is an essential component of growth and development. In most agricultural and gardening situations, nitrogen has largest influence on total growth than other essential elements. Deficient and excess nitrogen can significantly affect plant growth, including yield and quality.
Deficiency Symptoms.
Nitrogen deficiency in wheat (Photo credit: CIMMYT)
Nitrogen deficiencies occur in older leaves, which are usually found at the base or bottom of the plant. This is because nitrogen is a mobile compound. Mobile compounds can be easily transported throughout the plant. When a plant is not receiving enough nitrogen for proper growth, it will remove nitrogen from older leaves to use in newer growth.
Chlorophyll is the main compound that uses nitrogen in a leaf. Therefore, removing nitrogen reduces the amount of chlorophyll in a leaf. Chlorophyll is requires for light absorption and is responsible for the green color in leaves. When a plant removes nitrogen from leaves, it breaks down chlorophyll and the leaf looses its green color.
This causes the leaf to turn light-green and will soon begin yellowing. This is known as chlorosis. Chlorosis is a general term, which refers to the lightening and yellowing of leaves. As the deficiency progresses, these leaves will turn completely yellow and eventually die.
If the nitrogen deficiency continues unattended, the plant eventually concludes there are not enough nutrients to sustain vegetative growth (can’t make chlorophyll to capture energy without nitrogen!). Therefore, the plant changes its physiology; reduces vegetative growth, improves its root system, and begins to flower.
Reproduction and flowering of these plants is also diminished. Prolonged periods of nitrogen deficiency will affect growth, appearance, and yield. Nitrogen deficiencies that occur during critical growth stages will have a greater effect on growth than during non-critical growth stages.
Excess Symptoms.
Excess nitrogen is often more damaging to a plant than too little nitrogen. Excess nitrogen is frequently observed in the appearance of dark green foliage on what appears to be thriving plants. These plants can appear to grow extremely fast but are easily susceptible to disease and insect damage. This is often (unfortunately) countered by the use of pesticides and fungicides.
Excess nitrogen is more damaging to fruiting crops than vegetative crops. High levels of nitrogen can impair the ability of the plant to take up other essential elements during flowering such as potassium (K). Excess nitrogen can affect flower set and fruit development.
It's winter, and the garden is at rest, but I've been plenty busy, indoors, getting a head start on next year's garden.
Starting plants from seed is one of my favorite winter gardening chores. It requires very little time and effort, and I'm usually rewarded with almost instant results, as the shoots of new life begin emerging from the soil in just a matter of a days.
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